What is PM2.5?
Particulate Matter, abbreviated as PM, is a term used for particles found in the air; including dust, soot, dirt, smoke, and liquid droplets. PM2.5 particles are given the 2.5 annotation to describe the size as being 2.5 micrometers or less, and are also often referred to as 'fine particulate matter'. Typically these particles are so small they can only be seen with an electron microscope.
Of all air pollution measures, PM2.5 is believed to pose the greatest health threat. Due to its small size, it has the ability to both remain suspended in the air for long periods of time, and be absorbed deep into the bloodstream upon inhalation.
Where does PM2.5 come from?
Particulate matter is either emitted directly from manmade or natural sources, or created by other pollutants reacting in the atmosphere.
Sources include combustion (motor, power plants, wood burning, etc.), industrial processes, and chemical reactions that occur between gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds.
How does it affect our health?
PM’s relatively microscopic size increases its potential to be lodged deep into the respiratory tracts. This can cause respiratory illnesses such as asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema. People with heart or lung diseases, children, and older adults are more likely than most to be affected by particle pollution exposure.
Short term effects can include:
Irritation of the eye, throat, and nose
Irregular heartbeats
Asthma attacks
Coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath
Long term effects can include:
Respiratory illness such as bronchitis, asthma, emphysema
Lung tissue damage
Cancer
Heart attack
Stroke
Premature death
Environmental effects?
Reduced visibility
Damage of materials
Acid deposition
Increased Ozone levels
Due to the highly toxic nature of particulate matter, most governments have created regulations - both for their emissions and for the ambient concentration of particles.
For more information about PM2.5 see the link below:
https://www.iqair.com/us/us/newsroom/pm2-5